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Ontology-based scenario generation for automated driving systems verification and validation using rules of the road
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Bruto da Costa, Antonio Anastasio, Irvine, Patrick, Zhang, Xizhe, Khastgir, Siddartha and Jennings, Paul. A. (2024) Ontology-based scenario generation for automated driving systems verification and validation using rules of the road. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles . doi:10.1109/TIV.2024.3377534 ISSN 2379-8858. (In Press)
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Official URL: http://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2024.3377534
Abstract
The verification and validation (V&V) process for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) has undergone a significant transformation in defining the meaning of safety. Initially rooted in the quantity of miles driven, it has now shifted towards emphasizing the quality of test miles. These test miles must effectively capture the full spectrum of behaviours and operational design domains (ODD) of the ADS. To assess an ADS's compliance with specific rules or requirements, a connection must be established between the rules and the scenarios used for testing. In this paper, we propose a targeted scenario generation methodology aimed at testing ADS against formal rules. Our approach leverages ontologies to represent objects and their relationships in a scenario. The rules, are first formally specified, expressed as horn clauses. We then employ a rule transformation process, along with off-the-shelf reasoning tools, to generate corresponding scenarios. These generated scenarios may then utilized to test the ADS's adherence to the specified rules.
To illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology, we present an application to example rules derived from both the UK Highway Code and the Vienna Conventions. By utilizing our approach, we enhance the precision and rigor of the verification and validation flow for ADS, ensuring improved safety measures during operation.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||
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Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications T Technology > TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Automated vehicles, Automated vehicles -- Safety measures, Motor vehicles -- Automatic control , Automobile drivers -- Attitudes, Traffic safety, Intelligent transportation systems | ||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles | ||||||||||||
Publisher: | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | ||||||||||||
ISSN: | 2379-8858 | ||||||||||||
Official Date: | 14 March 2024 | ||||||||||||
Dates: |
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DOI: | 10.1109/TIV.2024.3377534 | ||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||
Publication Status: | In Press | ||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 13 March 2024 | ||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 15 March 2024 | ||||||||||||
Funder: | Department of Transport, UK, Transport Canada | ||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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