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Extreme fluctuations in ambient salinity select for bacteria with a hybrid “salt-in”/”salt-out” osmoregulation strategy
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Ionescu, Danny, Zoccarato, Luca, Cabello-Yeves, Pedro J. and Tikochinski, Yaron (2024) Extreme fluctuations in ambient salinity select for bacteria with a hybrid “salt-in”/”salt-out” osmoregulation strategy. Frontiers in Microbiomes, 2 . 1329925. doi:10.3389/frmbi.2023.1329925 ISSN 2813-4338.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2023.1329925
Abstract
Abundant microbial biofilms inhabit underwater freshwater springs of the Dead Sea. Unlike the harsh (i.e., over 35% total dissolved salts) yet stable environment of the basin, the flow rate of the springs changes with random amplitude and duration, resulting in drastic shifts in salinity, pH, and oxygen concentrations. This requires the organisms to continuously adapt to new environmental conditions. Osmotic regulation is energetically expensive; therefore, the response of the biofilm organisms to rapid and drastic changes in salinity is interesting. For this purpose, we studied the metagenome of an enrichment culture obtained from a green biofilm-covered rock positioned in a spring. We obtained metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Prosthecochloris sp. (Chlorobiales), Flexistipes sp. (Deferribacterales), Izemoplasma (Izemoplasmatales), Halomonas sp. (Oceanospirillales), and Halanaerobium (Halanaerobiales). The MAGs contain genes for both the energetically cheaper “salt-in” and more expensive “salt-out” strategies. We suggest that the dynamic response of these bacteria utilizes both osmoregulation strategies, similar to halophilic archaea. We hypothesize that the frequent, abrupt, and variable-in-intensity shifts in salinity, typical of the Dead Sea spring system, select for microorganisms with scalable adaptation strategies.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Frontiers in Microbiomes | ||||||
Publisher: | Frontiers Media | ||||||
ISSN: | 2813-4338 | ||||||
Official Date: | 8 January 2024 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 2 | ||||||
Article Number: | 1329925 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1329925 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) |
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