Linkies, Ada, Müller, Kerstin, Morris, Karl, Turečková, Veronika, Wenk, Meike, Cadman, Cassandra S. C., Corbineau, François, Strnad, Miroslav, Lynn, James R. , Finch-Savage, William E. and Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard (2009) Ethylene interacts with abscisic acid to regulate endosperm rupture during germination : a comparative approach using Lepidium sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell, The, Vol.21 (No.12). pp. 3803-3822. doi:10.1105/tpc.109.070201 ISSN 1040-4651.

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Abstract

The micropylar endosperm cap covering the radicle in the mature seeds of most angiosperms acts as a constraint that regulates seed germination. Here, we report on a comparative seed biology study with the close Brassicaceae relatives Lepidium sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana showing that ethylene biosynthesis and signaling regulate seed germination by a mechanism that requires the coordinated action of the radicle and the endosperm cap. The larger seed size of Lepidium allows direct tissue-specific biomechanical, biochemical, and transcriptome analyses. We show that ethylene promotes endosperm cap weakening of Lepidium and endosperm rupture of both species and that it counteracts the inhibitory action of abscisic acid (ABA) on these two processes. Cross-species microarrays of the Lepidium micropylar endosperm cap and the radicle show that the ethylene-ABA antagonism involves both tissues and has the micropylar endosperm cap as a major target. Ethylene counteracts the ABA-induced inhibition without affecting seed ABA levels. The Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutants ACC oxidase2 (aco2; ethylene biosynthesis) and constitutive triple response1 (ethylene signaling) are impaired in the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-mediated reversion of the ABA-induced inhibition of seed germination. Ethylene production by the ACC oxidase orthologs Lepidium ACO2 and Arabidopsis ACO2 appears to be a key regulatory step. Endosperm cap weakening and rupture are promoted by ethylene and inhibited by ABA to regulate germination in a process conserved across the Brassicaceae.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QK Botany
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Warwick HRI (2004-2010)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Germination -- Research, Lepidium -- Seeds, Arabidopsis thaliana -- Seeds, Endosperm, Ethylene -- Synthesis, Abscisic acid
Journal or Publication Title:	Plant Cell, The
Publisher:	American Society of Plant Biologists
ISSN:	1040-4651
Official Date:	December 2009
Dates:	Date Event December 2009 Published
Volume:	Vol.21
Number:	No.12
Page Range:	pp. 3803-3822
DOI:	10.1105/tpc.109.070201
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Funder:	Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Great Britain) (BBSRC), Great Britain. Dept. for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft in Freiburg i.B., Hubert Curien Program (HCP), Czech Republic. Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy [Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport]
Grant number:	LE720/6 (DFG), D/0628197 (DAAD), BB/E006418/1 (BBSRC), 14896 UL (HCP), 6198959216 (MSM)

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