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Influence of lone-pair cations on the germanate anomaly in glass
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Barney, Emma R., Hannon, Alex C., Laorodphan, Nattapol and Holland, Diane (2011) Influence of lone-pair cations on the germanate anomaly in glass. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C: Nanomaterials, Interfaces and Hard Matter, Vol.115 (No.30). pp. 14997-15007. doi:10.1021/jp202279b ISSN 1932-7447.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp202279b
Abstract
Neutron diffraction has been used to study the structure of a series of thallium germanate glasses, Tl(2)O-GeO(2), containing up to 40 mol % Tl(2)O, as a means of investigating the influence of lone-pair cations on the germanate anomaly. As observed previously in alkali germanate glasses, the average Ge-O coordination number, n(GeO), is found to rise above four as Tl(2)O is added to the glass. However, whereas for alkali germanates n(GeO) has its maximum value (similar to 4.36 +/- 0.03) at similar to 19 mol % R(2)O (e.g., R = Cs), for thallium germanates it continues to rise until 30 mol % Tl(2)O, with a higher maximum value of 4.44 +/- 0.02. For low Tl(2)O content, most thallium cations are on modifier sites with a high coordination number (6 or greater). As the Tl(2)O content increases, glass former [TlO(3)] sites become increasingly common, and it is predicted from an extrapolation of the results that a glass with a composition of 50 mol % Tl(2)O would be composed entirely of [TlO(3)] and [GeO(4)] units. It is shown that the presence of [TlO(3)] units allows higher coordinated Ge units to share an oxygen, and this is why n(GeO) continues to rise beyond the composition for which it is a maximum in alkali germanates. There is thus an interplay between the germanate anomaly and the environment of the lone-pair cation-an effect which does not occur in alkali germanates.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics Q Science > QD Chemistry |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics | ||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Glass, X-rays -- Diffraction, Neutrons -- Diffraction, Germanium, Oxides, Silica, Phase rule and equilibrium | ||||
Journal or Publication Title: | The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C: Nanomaterials, Interfaces and Hard Matter | ||||
Publisher: | American Chemical Society | ||||
ISSN: | 1932-7447 | ||||
Official Date: | 4 August 2011 | ||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | Vol.115 | ||||
Number: | No.30 | ||||
Page Range: | pp. 14997-15007 | ||||
DOI: | 10.1021/jp202279b | ||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published |
Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge
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