Gaze, William H., Zhang, Lihong, Abdouslam, Nouradin A., Hawkey, P. M., Calvo-Bado, Leo A., Royle, Jeremy, Brown, Helen, Davis, Susan, Kay, Paul, Boxall, Alistair B. A. and Wellington, E. M. H. (2011) Impacts of anthropogenic activity on the ecology of class 1 integrons and integron-associated genes in the environment. ISME Journal, Vol.5 (No.8). pp. 1253-1261. doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.15 ISSN 1751-7362.
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Abstract
The impact of human activity on the selection for antibiotic resistance in the environment is largely unknown, although considerable amounts of antibiotics are introduced through domestic wastewater and farm animal waste. Selection for resistance may occur by exposure to antibiotic residues or by co-selection for mobile genetic elements (MGEs) which carry genes of varying activity. Class 1 integrons are genetic elements that carry antibiotic and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes that confer resistance to detergents and biocides. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of class 1 integron and integron-associated QAC resistance genes in bacteria associated with industrial waste, sewage sludge and pig slurry. We show that prevalence of class 1 integrons is higher in bacteria exposed to detergents and/or antibiotic residues, specifically in sewage sludge and pig slurry compared with agricultural soils to which these waste products are amended. We also show that QAC resistance genes are more prevalent in the presence of detergents. Studies of class 1 integron prevalence in sewage sludge amended soil showed measurable differences compared with controls. Insertion sequence elements were discovered in integrons from QAC contaminated sediment, acting as powerful promoters likely to upregulate cassette gene expression. On the basis of this data, > 1 x 10(19) bacteria carrying class 1 integrons enter the United Kingdom environment by disposal of sewage sludge each year. The ISME Journal (2011) 5, 1253-1261; doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.15; published online 3 March 2011
| Item Type: | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Biological Sciences ( -2010) |
| Journal or Publication Title: | ISME Journal |
| Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group |
| ISSN: | 1751-7362 |
| Official Date: | 2011 |
| Dates: | Date Event 2011 Published |
| Volume: | Vol.5 |
| Number: | No.8 |
| Number of Pages: | 9 |
| Page Range: | pp. 1253-1261 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/ismej.2011.15 |
| Status: | Peer Reviewed |
| Publication Status: | Published |
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
| URI: | https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/39579/ |
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