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Inconsistency in 9mm bullets measured with non-destructive X-ray computed tomography
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Kumar, Jagadeesha, Landheer, Dirk, Barnes-Warden, Jane, Fenne, Paul, Attridge, Alex and Williams, M. A. (Mark A.) (2012) Inconsistency in 9mm bullets measured with non-destructive X-ray computed tomography. Forensic Science International, Vol.214 (No.1-3). pp. 48-58. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.018 ISSN 03790738.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.018
Abstract
Fundamental to any ballistic armour standard is the reference projectile that is to be defeated. Typically, for certification, consistency of bullets is assumed. Therefore, practical variations in bullet jacket dimensions can have far reaching consequences. Traditionally, internal dimensions could only be analysed by cutting bullets which rules out any subsequent ballistic assessment. Therefore, the use of a non-destructive X-raycomputedtomography (CT) method is explored in this paper. A set of 10 bullets (9 mm DM11) was taken for analysing both intra and inter bullet jacket thickness variation. CT measurements of jacket thickness were validated with high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. An image based analysis methodology has been developed to extract the jacket thickness map and the centre of gravity. Thickness variations of the order of 200 μm were found commonly across all the bullets along the length and an angular variation of up to 100 μm was found in a few bullets. Jacket thickness and centre of gravity were also calculated for the same bullets after impact and the variations between the pre- and post-impacted bullets were compared, by establishing a common physical reference. The results show that the proposed CT scanning approach and subsequent image analysis method can bring out the statistical variations in bullet geometry pre- and post impact effectively.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Forensic Science International | ||||
| Publisher: | Elsevier Science BV | ||||
| ISSN: | 03790738 | ||||
| Official Date: | 10 January 2012 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | Vol.214 | ||||
| Number: | No.1-3 | ||||
| Number of Pages: | 11 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 48-58 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.018 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||
| Funder: | Advantage West Midlands (AWM), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) |
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