Harte, A. L., Varma, Madhusudhan C., Tripathi, Gyanendra, McGee, K. C., Al-Daghri, Nasser M., Al-Attas, Omar S., Sabico, Shaun, O'Hare, J. Paul, Ceriello, Antonio, Saravanan, Ponnusamy, Kumar, Sudhesh and McTernan, P. G. (2012) High fat intake leads to acute postprandial exposure to circulating endotoxin in type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care, Vol.35 (No.2). pp. 375-382. doi:10.2337/dc11-1593 ISSN 0149-5992.

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE-To evaluate the changes in circulating endotoxin after a high-saturated fat meal to determine whether these effects depend on metabolic disease state.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Subjects (n = 54) were given a high-fat meal (75 g fat, 5 g carbohydrate, 6 g protein) after an overnight fast (nonobese control [NOC]: age 39.9 +/- 11.8 years [mean +/- SD], BMI 24.9 +/- 3.2 kg/m(2), n = 9; obese: age 43.8 +/- 9.5 years, BMI 33.3 +/- 2.5 kg/m(2), n = 15; impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]: age 41.7 +/- 11.3 years, BMI 32.0 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2), n = 12; type 2 diabetic: age 45.4 +/- 10.1 years, BMI 30.3 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2), n = 18). Blood was collected before (0 h) and after the meal (1-4 h) for analysis.

RESULTS-Baseline endotoxin was significantly higher in the type 2 diabetic and IGT subjects than in NOC subjects, with baseline circulating endotoxin levels 60.6% higher in type 2 diabetic subjects than in NOC subjects (P < 0.05). Ingestion of a high-fat meal led to a significant rise in endotoxin levels in type 2 diabetic, IGT, and obese subjects over the 4-h time period (P < 0.05). These findings also showed that, at 4 h after a meal, type 2 diabetic subjects had higher circulating endotoxin levels (125.4%up arrow) than NOC subjects (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS-These studies have highlighted that exposure to a high-fat meal elevates circulating endotoxin irrespective of metabolic state, as early as 1 h after a meal. However, this increase is substantial in IGT and type 2 diabetic subjects, suggesting that metabolic endotoxinemia is exacerbated after high fat intake. In conclusion, our data suggest that, in a compromised metabolic state such as type 2 diabetes, a continual snacking routine will cumulatively promote their condition more rapidly than in other individuals because of the greater exposure to endotoxin.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Translational & Experimental Medicine > Metabolic and Vascular Health (- until July 2016) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Non-insulin-dependent diabetes -- Nutritional aspects, Endotoxins
Journal or Publication Title:	Diabetes Care
Publisher:	American Diabetes Association
ISSN:	0149-5992
Official Date:	2012
Dates:	Date Event 2012 Published
Volume:	Vol.35
Number:	No.2
Number of Pages:	8
Page Range:	pp. 375-382
DOI:	10.2337/dc11-1593
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Date of first compliant deposit:	19 December 2015
Date of first compliant Open Access:	19 December 2015
Funder:	British Medical Institute (BMI), Birmingham Science City, British Heart Foundation

Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge

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