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Active sites for outer-sphere, inner-sphere, and complex multistage electrochemical reactions at polycrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes (pBDD) revealed with scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM)
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Patten, Hollie V., Lai, Stanley Chi Shing, Macpherson, Julie V. and Unwin, Patrick R. (2012) Active sites for outer-sphere, inner-sphere, and complex multistage electrochemical reactions at polycrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes (pBDD) revealed with scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). Analytical Chemistry, Volume 84 (Number 12). pp. 5427-5432. doi:10.1021/ac3010555 ISSN 0003-2700.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac3010555
Abstract
The local rate of heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) at polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (pBDD) electrodes has been visualized at high spatial resolution for various aqueous electrochemical reactions, using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), which is a technique that uses a mobile pipet-based electrochemical cell as an imaging probe. As exemplar systems, three important classes of electrode reactions have been investigated: outer-sphere (one-electron oxidation of ferrocenylmethyltrimethylammonium (FcTMA+)), inner-sphere (one-electron oxidation of Fe2+), and complex processes with coupled electron transfer and chemical reactions (oxidation of serotonin). In all cases, the pattern of reactivity is similar: the entire pBDD surface is electroactive, but there are variations in activity between different crystal facets which correlate directly with differences in the local dopant level, as visualized qualitatively by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). No evidence was found for enhanced activity at grain boundaries for any of the reactions. The case of serotonin oxidation is particularly interesting, as this process is known to lead to deterioration of the electrodes, because of blocking by reaction products, and therefore cannot be studied with conventional scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) techniques. Yet, we have found this system nonproblematic to study, because the meniscus of the scanning pipet is only in contact with the surface investigated for a brief time and any blocking product is left behind as the pipet moves to a new location. Thus, SECCM opens up the possibility of investigating and visualizing much more complex heterogeneous electrode reactions than possible presently with other SEPM techniques.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry | ||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry | ||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Electrochemistry, High resolution electron microscopy, Electron microscopy, Charge exchange, Electrodes | ||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Analytical Chemistry | ||||
Publisher: | American Chemical Society | ||||
ISSN: | 0003-2700 | ||||
Official Date: | 2012 | ||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | Volume 84 | ||||
Number: | Number 12 | ||||
Page Range: | pp. 5427-5432 | ||||
DOI: | 10.1021/ac3010555 | ||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 22 December 2015 | ||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 22 December 2015 | ||||
Funder: | Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship (IEF), Seventh Framework Programme (European Commission) (FP7), European Research Council (ERC) | ||||
Grant number: | 275450 (FP7), ERC-2009-AdG 247143 “QUANTIF” (ERC) |
Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge
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