Adekanmbi, Victor, Uthman, Olalekan A. and Mudasiru, Oludare M. (2013) Exploring variations in childhood stunting in Nigeria using league table, control chart and spatial analysis. BMC Public Health, Volume 13 (Number 1). Article number 361. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-361 ISSN 1471-2458.

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Abstract

Background: Stunting, linear growth retardation is the best measure of child health inequalities as it captures multiple dimensions of children’s health, development and environment where they live. The developmental priorities and socially acceptable health norms and practices in various regions and states within Nigeria remains disaggregated and with this, comes the challenge of being able to ascertain which of the regions and states identifies with either high or low childhood stunting to further investigate the risk factors and make recommendations for action oriented policy decisions.

Methods: We used data from the birth histories included in the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to estimate childhood stunting. Stunting was defined as height for age below minus two standard deviations from the median height for age of the standard World Health Organization reference population. We plotted control charts of the proportion of childhood stunting for the 37 states (including federal capital, Abuja) in Nigeria. The Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) were used as a measure of the overall clustering and is assessed by a test of a null hypothesis.

Results: Childhood stunting is high in Nigeria with an average of about 39%. The percentage of children with stunting ranged from 11.5% in Anambra state to as high as 60% in Kebbi State. Ranking of states with respect to childhood stunting is as follows: Anambra and Lagos states had the least numbers with 11.5% and 16.8% respectively while Yobe, Zamfara, Katsina, Plateau and Kebbi had the highest (with more than 50% of their underfives having stunted growth).

Conclusions: Childhood stunting is high in Nigeria and varied significantly across the states. The northern states have a higher proportion than the southern states. There is an urgent need for studies to explore factors that may be responsible for these special cause variations in childhood stunting in Nigeria.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Malnutrition in children -- Nigeria, Nutrition disorders in children -- Nigeria, Children -- Nutrition -- Nigeria, Children -- Diseases -- Nutritional aspects -- Nigeria, Growth disorders -- Nigeria, Failure to thrive syndrome -- Nigeria
Journal or Publication Title:	BMC Public Health
Publisher:	BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN:	1471-2458
Official Date:	2013
Dates:	Date Event 2013 Published
Volume:	Volume 13
Number:	Number 1
Page Range:	Article number 361
DOI:	10.1186/1471-2458-13-361
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	9 December 2015
Date of first compliant Open Access:	9 December 2015

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