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Inconsistency of threat level in soft armour standards, correlation of experimental tests to bullet X-ray 3D images
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Thornby, John Albert, Landheer, Dirk, Williams, Tim, Barnes-Warden, Jane, Fenne, Paul, Attridge, Alex and Williams, M. A. (2012) Inconsistency of threat level in soft armour standards, correlation of experimental tests to bullet X-ray 3D images. In: Personal Armour Systems Symposium, Nuremberg, Germany, 17-21 Sept 2012. Published in: Proceedings of the Personal Armour Systems Symposium
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Abstract
Fundamental to any ballistic armour standard is the reference projectile that is to be defeated. Typically, for certification, consistency of bullet geometry is assumed. Therefore, practical variations in bullet jacket dimensions can have far reaching consequences. Traditionally, internal dimensions have been analysed by physically sectioning bullets – an approach which rules out any subsequent ballistic assessment. The use of a non-destructive X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) method was demonstrated in [1]. Now, the authors apply this technique to correlate bullet impact response to jacket thickness variations. A set of 20 bullets (9 mm DM 11) was selected to analyse both intra and inter bullet variations using an image based analysis method to map the jacket thickness and measure the centre of gravity. Thickness variations of the order of 200μm were found commonly across all the bullets along the length and an angular variation of up to 50μm was found in a few bullets. The bullets were subsequently impacted against a rigid flat plate and re-scanned. The results of the experiments are shown and compared to the un-deformed bullet jacket thickness variations. The conclusions are relevant for future soft armour standards and provide important data for numerical model correlation and development.
Item Type: | Conference Item (Paper) | ||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) U Military Science > U Military Science (General) |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Institute of Education ( -2013) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) |
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Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Bullets , Projectiles, Ballistics , Gunnery, Three-dimensional imaging , Tomography | ||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Proceedings of the Personal Armour Systems Symposium | ||||
Official Date: | September 2012 | ||||
Dates: |
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Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 1 August 2016 | ||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 1 August 2016 | ||||
Funder: | Advantage West Midlands (AWM), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) | ||||
Conference Paper Type: | Paper | ||||
Title of Event: | Personal Armour Systems Symposium | ||||
Type of Event: | Conference | ||||
Location of Event: | Nuremberg, Germany | ||||
Date(s) of Event: | 17-21 Sept 2012 | ||||
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