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Aqueous copper-mediated living polymerization : exploiting rapid disproportionation of CuBr with Me6TREN

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Zhang, Qiang, Wilson, Paul, Li, Zaidong, McHale, Ronan, Godfrey, Jamie, Anastasaki, Athina, Waldron, Christopher and Haddleton, David M. (2013) Aqueous copper-mediated living polymerization : exploiting rapid disproportionation of CuBr with Me6TREN. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Volume 135 (Number 19). pp. 7355-7363. doi:10.1021/ja4026402 ISSN 0002-7863.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja4026402

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Abstract

A new approach to perform single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) in water is described. The key step in this process is to allow full disproportionation of CuBr/Me6TREN (TREN = tris(dimethylamino)ethyl amine to Cu(0) powder and CuBr2 in water prior to addition of both monomer and initiator. This provides an extremely powerful tool for the synthesis of functional water-soluble polymers with controlled chain length and narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity index approximately 1.10), including poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), N,N-dimethylacrylamide, poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and an acrylamido glyco monomer. The polymerizations are performed at or below ambient temperature with quantitative conversions attained in minutes. Polymers have high chain end fidelity capable of undergoing chain extensions to full conversion or multiblock copolymerization via iterative monomer addition after full conversion. Activator generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide in water was also conducted as a comparison with the SET-LRP system. This shows that the addition sequence of l-ascorbic acid is crucial in determining the onset of disproportionation, or otherwise. Finally, this robust technique was applied to polymerizations under biologically relevant conditions (PBS buffer) and a complex ethanol/water mixture (tequila).

Item Type: Journal Article
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry
Journal or Publication Title: Journal of the American Chemical Society
Publisher: American Chemical Society
ISSN: 0002-7863
Official Date: 2013
Dates:
DateEvent
2013Published
Volume: Volume 135
Number: Number 19
Page Range: pp. 7355-7363
DOI: 10.1021/ja4026402
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access

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