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The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica requires host cell death for proliferation during mutualistic symbiosis with barley
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Deshmukh, S., Huckelhoven, R., Schäfer, Patrick, Imani, J., Sharma, M., Weiss, M., Waller, F. and Kogel, K.-H. (2006) The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica requires host cell death for proliferation during mutualistic symbiosis with barley. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 103 (Number 49). pp. 18450-18457. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605697103 ISSN 0027-8424.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605697103
Abstract
Infestation pattern of P. indica in barley roots. (a) By 8 dai, hyphae excessively occupy rhizodermal and cortical cells of the differentiation zone. The elongation zone is less colonized, with occasional intercellular subepidermal hyphal structures. The root cap is heavily infested with hyphae. (b–e) After penetration (arrows) fungal hyphae colonize the subepidermal layer. (b) To better visualize the position of hyphae in the z axis, a confocal laser scanning image consisting of 30 frames of adjacent focal planes (z axis) was displayed as a maximum projection with the fluorescent signal of the wheat germ agglutinin-stained fungal hyphae displayed in red for the upper (abaxial) 15 frames and in green for the lower (adaxial, subepidermal) 15 frames. (c and d) For visualization of plant cell walls, two close-up bright-field images of two different focal planes are superimposed with the respective frames of the fluorescence images. Intercellular hyphae start branching and proliferate within the subepidermal space. (c) Subepidermal hyphae crossing cell walls (arrowheads) without exhibiting morphological changes (e.g., neck formation, as in h) revealing their periclinal localization. (d) The upper focal plane is characterized by hyphae penetrating the anticlinal space of adjacent rhizodermis cells. (e) Projection of the fluorescent signals of c and d in the y axis (vertical) and z axis (horizontal). Absence of fluorescent signals between adaxial (green) and abaxial hyphae (red) indicates a layer of rhizodermal cells free from hyphae. The penetration site is indicated by an arrow. (f) Colonization of a single cell within young differentiated tissue. After penetration, the cell is completely filled with intracellular hyphae before the colonization of adjacent cells. (g) The cell wall of the colonized cell is strongly stained with Congo red because of better dye accessibility compared with noncolonized neighbor cells (asterisks). Penetrated cells did not show autofluorescence. (h) Intracellular mycelium in mature root tissue. Overlay of bright-field image and fluorescence image. Intracellular hyphae form necks (arrowheads) at sites of cell wall crossing. Fungal structures are visualized by WGA-AF 488. [Scale bars: a, 300 μm; b and d, 10 μm (c and d are of the same scale); f–h, 30 μm.]
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | ||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | ||||
Publisher: | National Academy of Sciences | ||||
ISSN: | 0027-8424 | ||||
Official Date: | 2006 | ||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | Volume 103 | ||||
Number: | Number 49 | ||||
Page Range: | pp. 18450-18457 | ||||
DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.0605697103 | ||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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