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Toward a methodology for assessing electric vehicle exterior sounds
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Singh, Sneha, Payne, Sarah R. and Jennings, P. A. (Paul A.) (2014) Toward a methodology for assessing electric vehicle exterior sounds. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Volume 15 (Number 4). pp. 1790-1800. doi:10.1109/TITS.2014.2327062 ISSN 1524-9050.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2014.2327062
Abstract
Laws mandate that electric vehicles emit sounds to ensure pedestrians' safety by alerting pedestrians of the vehicles' approach. Additionally, manufacturers want these sounds to promote positive impressions of the vehicle brand. A reliable and valid methodology is needed to evaluate electric vehicles' exterior sounds. To help develop such a methodology, this paper examines automotive exterior sound evaluation methods in the context of experimental design and cognitive psychology. Currently, such evaluations are usually conducted on road or inside a laboratory; however, a virtual environment provides advantages of both these methods but none of their limitations. The stimuli selected for evaluations must satisfy legislative guidelines. Methods for presenting and measuring the stimuli can affect study outcomes. A methodology is proposed for conducting evaluations of an electric vehicle's exterior sounds, testing its detectability and emotional evaluation. An experiment tested the methodology. Thirty-one participants evaluated an electric car in a virtual environment of a town's T-junction with 15 exterior sounds as stimuli. The car's arrival time, direction of approach, and, thus, distance to pedestrian varied across conditions. Detection time of the sound and pleasantness and powerfulness evaluations of the car were recorded. The vehicle's arrival time and approach direction affected its detectability and emotional evaluation; thus, these are important elements to vary and control in studies. Overall, the proposed methodology increases the realistic context and experimental control than in existing listening evaluations. It benefits by combining two competing elements necessary for assessing electric vehicle exterior sounds, namely, pedestrians' safety and impressions of the vehicle brand.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems | ||||||
Publisher: | IEEE | ||||||
ISSN: | 1524-9050 | ||||||
Official Date: | 18 June 2014 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | Volume 15 | ||||||
Number: | Number 4 | ||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1790-1800 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.1109/TITS.2014.2327062 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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