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Nucleation, aggregative growth and detachment of metal nanoparticles during electrodeposition at electrode surfaces
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Lai, Stanley Chi Shing, Lazenby, Robert A., Kirkman, Paul M. and Unwin, Patrick R. (2014) Nucleation, aggregative growth and detachment of metal nanoparticles during electrodeposition at electrode surfaces. Chemical Science, Volume 6 (Number 2). pp. 1126-1138. doi:10.1039/c4sc02792b ISSN 2041-6520.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4SC02792B
Abstract
The nucleation and growth of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on surfaces is of considerable interest with regard to creating functional interfaces with myriad applications. Yet, key features of these processes remain elusive and are undergoing revision. Here, the mechanism of the electrodeposition of silver on basal plane highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is investigated as a model system at a wide range of length scales, spanning electrochemical measurements from the macroscale to the nanoscale using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), a pipette-based approach. The macroscale measurements show that the nucleation process cannot be modelled as either truly instantaneous or progressive, and that step edge sites of HOPG do not play a dominant role in nucleation events compared to the HOPG basal plane, as has been widely proposed. Moreover, nucleation numbers extracted from electrochemical analysis do not match those determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The high time and spatial resolution of the nanoscale pipette set-up reveals individual nucleation and growth events at the graphite basal surface that are resolved and analysed in detail. Based on these results, corroborated with complementary microscopy measurements, we propose that a nucleation-aggregative growth-detachment mechanism is an important feature of the electrodeposition of silver NPs on HOPG. These findings have major implications for NP electrodeposition and for understanding electrochemical processes at graphitic materials generally.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry | ||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Nucleation, Nanostructured materials, Electroplating | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Chemical Science | ||||||||
Publisher: | Royal Society of Chemistry | ||||||||
ISSN: | 2041-6520 | ||||||||
Official Date: | 7 November 2014 | ||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | Volume 6 | ||||||||
Number: | Number 2 | ||||||||
Number of Pages: | 13 | ||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1126-1138 | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.1039/c4sc02792b | ||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 29 December 2015 | ||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 29 December 2015 | ||||||||
Funder: | Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship (IEF), Seventh Framework Programme (European Commission) (FP7), European Research Council (ERC), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Birmingham Science City, Advantage West Midlands (AWM), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) | ||||||||
Grant number: | 275450 VISELCAT (IEF), ERC-2009-AdG 247143 QUANTIF (ERC), EP/H023909/1 (EPSRC) |
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