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Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering study of second-phase particles in heat-treated Zircaloy-4
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Srirangam, Prakash, Idrees, Y., Ilavsky, J. and Daymond, M. R. (2015) Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering study of second-phase particles in heat-treated Zircaloy-4. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Volume 48 (Number 1). pp. 52-60. doi:10.1107/S1600576714024893 ISSN 0021-8898.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600576714024893
Abstract
The ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) technique has been used to investigate and to quantify the morphology and size distribution of second-phase particles in Zircaloy-4 under various heat-treatment conditions. The alloy samples were solutionized in the [beta] phase field at 1293 K for 15 min and then cooled at different rates, including water quenching, air cooling and furnace cooling. The water-quenched samples were subsequently subjected to a thermal aging treatment at 873 K for different aging times (30, 60, 120 and 300 min). The USAXS results show that water quenching and air cooling from the [beta] phase field produces a narrow size distribution of fine-size precipitates with an average diameter of 300-800 Å, while furnace cooling resulted in coarsening of the particles, with a broad size distribution having an average precipitate size of 600-1200 Å. Further, the furnace-cooled sample shows a higher volume fraction of particles than the water-quenched or air-cooled sample. The USAXS results on the quenched then aged samples show that aging at 873 K for 10 min resulted in very fine size precipitates with an average diameter of 200-350 Å. A rapid precipitation with the highest number density of second-phase particles amongst all the heat-treated samples (4.3 × 1020 m-3) was observed in the sample aged for 10 min at 873 K. Particles of larger size and with a broad size distribution were observed in the sample aged at 873 K for 300 min. A bimodal type of particle size distribution was observed in all the heat-treated samples. Important parameters in the characterization of second-phase particles, such as the average size, size distribution, volume fraction and number density, were evaluated and quantified. These parameters are discussed for both [beta] heat-treated and aged specimens. Transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization were carried out on all heat-treated samples, to assist in interpretation and to substantiate the results from the USAXS measurements.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | X-ray crystallography , Corrosion resistant alloys | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of Applied Crystallography | ||||
| Publisher: | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. | ||||
| ISSN: | 0021-8898 | ||||
| Official Date: | February 2015 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | Volume 48 | ||||
| Number: | Number 1 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 52-60 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1107/S1600576714024893 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||
| Funder: | National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF), United States. Department of Energy. Office of Science (U.S.) (DOE), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) | ||||
| Grant number: | 1346572 (NSF/CHE) ; DE-AC02-06CH11357 (U.S.) (DOE) | ||||
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