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Peer victimisation during adolescence and its impact on depression in early adulthood : prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom
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Bowes, Lucy, Joinson, Carol, Wolke, Dieter and Lewis, Glyn (2015) Peer victimisation during adolescence and its impact on depression in early adulthood : prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom. BMJ, 350 . pp. 1-9. h2469. doi:10.1136/bmj.h2469 ISSN 0959-535X.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2469
Abstract
Objective:
To investigate the strength of the association between victimisation by peers at age 13 years and depression at 18 years.
Design:
Longitudinal observational study.
Setting:
Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK community based birth cohort.
Participants: 6719 participants who reported on peer victimisation at age 13 years.
Main outcome measures:
Depression defined according to international classification of diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) criteria, assessed using the clinical interview schedule-revised during clinic assessments with participants when they were aged 18 years. 3898 participants had data on both victimisation by peers at age 13 years and depression at age 18 years.
Results:
Of the 683 participants who reported frequent victimisation at age 13 years, 101 (14.8%) were depressed according to ICD-10 criteria at 18 years; of the 1446 participants reporting some victimisation at age 13 years, 103 (7.1%) were depressed at age 18 years; and of the 1769 participants reporting no victimisation at age 13 years, 98 (5.5%) were depressed at age 18 years. Compared with children who were not victimised those who were frequently victimised by peers had over a twofold increase in odds of depression (odds ratio 2.96, 95% confidence interval 2.21 to 3.97, P<0.001). This association was slightly reduced when adjusting for confounders (2.32, 1.49 to 3.63, P<0.001). The population attributable fraction suggested that 29.2% (95% confidence interval 10.9% to 43.7%) of depression at age 18 years could be explained by peer victimisation if this were a causal relation.
Conclusion:
When using observational data it is impossible to be certain that associations are causal. However, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that victimisation by peers in adolescence is associated with an increase in the risk of developing depression as an adult.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology | ||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Mental Health and Wellbeing Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Depression in adolescence, Victims of bullying | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | BMJ | ||||||
Publisher: | BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. | ||||||
ISSN: | 0959-535X | ||||||
Official Date: | 2 June 2015 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 350 | ||||||
Number of Pages: | 9 | ||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1-9 | ||||||
Article Number: | h2469 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.1136/bmj.h2469 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 30 December 2015 | ||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 30 December 2015 | ||||||
Funder: | Medical Research Council (Great Britain) (MRC), Wellcome Trust (London, England), Jacobs foundation, Leverhulme Trust (LT), Economic and Social Research Council (Great Britain) (ESRC) | ||||||
Grant number: | 092731 (MRC), 084268/Z/07/Z (WT), ES/K003593/1 (ESRC) |
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