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Temperature-modulated graphene oxide resistive humidity sensor for indoor air quality monitoring
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De Luca, A., Santra, S., Ghosh, R., Ali, S. Z., Gardner, J. W., Guha, P. K. and Udrea, F. (2016) Temperature-modulated graphene oxide resistive humidity sensor for indoor air quality monitoring. Nanoscale, 8 (8). pp. 4565-4572. doi:10.1039/c5nr08598e ISSN 2040-3364.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5NR08598E
Abstract
In this paper we present a temperature-modulated graphene oxide (GO) resistive humidity sensor that employs complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) micro-hotplate technology for the monitoring and control of indoor air quality (IAQ). GO powder is obtained by chemical exfoliation, dispersed in water and deposited via ink-jet printing onto a low power micro-hotplate. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show the typical layered and wrinkled morphology of the GO. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy indicate that the GO flakes possess a significant number of oxygen containing functional groups (epoxy, carbonyl, hydroxyl) extremely attractive for humidity detection. Electro-thermal characterisation of the micro-hotplates shows a thermal efficiency of 0.11 mW per °C, resulting in a sensor DC power consumption of only 2.75 mW at 50 °C. When operated in an isothermal mode, the sensor response is detrimentally affected by significant drift, hysteretic behaviour, slow response/recovery times and hence poor RH level discrimination. Conversely, a temperature modulation technique coupled with a differential readout methodology results in a significant reduction of the sensor drift, improved linear response with a sensitivity of 0.14 mV per %, resolution below 5%, and a maximum hysteresis of ±5%; response and recovery times equal to 189 ± 49 s and 89 ± 5 s, respectively. These performance parameters satisfy current IAQ monitoring requirements. We have thus demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating GO on a micro-hotplate CMOS-compatible platform enabling temperature modulation schemes to be easily applied in order to achieve compact, low power, low cost humidity IAQ monitoring.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering | ||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Nanoscale | ||||||||||
Publisher: | Royal Society of Chemistry | ||||||||||
ISSN: | 2040-3364 | ||||||||||
Official Date: | 28 February 2016 | ||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 8 | ||||||||||
Number: | 8 | ||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 4565-4572 | ||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1039/c5nr08598e | ||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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