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Chemical imaging analysis of the brain with X-ray methods
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Collingwood, Joanna F. and Adams, Freddy (2017) Chemical imaging analysis of the brain with X-ray methods. Spectrochimica Acta Part B : Atomic Spectroscopy, 130 . pp. 101-118. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2017.02.013 ISSN 0584-8547.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2017.02.013
Abstract
Cells employ various metal and metalloid ions to augment the structure and the function of proteins and to assist with vital biological processes. In the brain they mediate biochemical processes, and disrupted metabolism of metals may be a contributing factor in neurodegenerative disorders. In this tutorial review we will discuss the particular role of X-ray methods for elemental imaging analysis of accumulated metal species and metal-containing compounds in biological materials, in the context of post-mortem brain tissue. X-rays have the advantage that they have a short wavelength and can penetrate through a thick biological sample. Many of the X-ray microscopy techniques that provide the greatest sensitivity and specificity for trace metal concentrations in biological materials are emerging at synchrotron X-ray facilities. Here, the extremely high flux available across a wide range of soft and hard X-rays, combined with state-of-the-art focusing techniques and ultra-sensitive detectors, makes it viable to undertake direct imaging of a number of elements in brain tissue. The different methods for synchrotron imaging of metals in brain tissues at regional, cellular, and sub-cellular spatial resolution are discussed. Methods covered include X-ray fluorescence for elemental imaging, X-ray absorption spectrometry for speciation imaging, X-ray diffraction for structural imaging, phase contrast for enhanced contrast imaging and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy for spectromicroscopy. Two- and three-dimensional (confocal and tomographic) imaging methods are considered as well as the correlation of X-ray microscopy with other imaging tools.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||
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Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry | ||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering | ||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Brain -- Radiography, Autopsy, Nervous system -- Degeneration, Synchrotrons, Microscopy, Spectroscopy | ||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Spectrochimica Acta Part B : Atomic Spectroscopy | ||||||||||
Publisher: | Elsevier | ||||||||||
ISSN: | 0584-8547 | ||||||||||
Official Date: | 1 April 2017 | ||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 130 | ||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 101-118 | ||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1016/j.sab.2017.02.013 | ||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 24 February 2017 | ||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 16 February 2018 | ||||||||||
Funder: | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), United States. Department of Energy. Office of Science | ||||||||||
Grant number: | EP/K035193/1 (EPSRC), DE-AC02-05CH11231 |
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