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Making the Loyalist bargain : surrender, amnesty and impunity in Kenya's decolonization, 1952–63
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Anderson, David (2017) Making the Loyalist bargain : surrender, amnesty and impunity in Kenya's decolonization, 1952–63. The International History Review, 39 (1). pp. 48-70. doi:10.1080/07075332.2016.1230769 ISSN 0707-5332.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2016.1230769
Abstract
In fighting Mau Mau rebels in Kenya between 1952 and 1956, the British armed and deployed an African militia, known as the Kikuyu Home Guard. This article considers the role played by these allies in the counter-insurgency war, looking specifically at amnesty and surrenders. The British held secret talks with Mau Mau leaders in 1954, and again in 1955, to organize rebel surrenders. The politics of surrenders split the Mau Mau movement, and also raised massive opposition amongst white settlers. Amnesty and impunity were inducements to Mau Mau surrenders, but were offered primarily to prevent disaffection and desertion among loyalist Kikuyu African militia allies who feared prosecution for abuses and atrocities carried out during counter-insurgency operations. Loyalist Africans also feared the consequences of rebels returning to their home communities. Amnesty and promises of impunity thus shaped the character of Kenya's counter-insurgency campaign and the decolonization that followed. This was determined by the need for the British to secure the continued support of African allies up to Kenya's independence in 1963, and beyond.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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| Subjects: | D History General and Old World > DA Great Britain D History General and Old World > DT Africa |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Arts > History | ||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Kenya -- History -- Mau Mau Emergency, 1952-1960, Kikuyu (African people), Decolonization -- Great Britain, Counterinsurgency | ||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | The International History Review | ||||||
| Publisher: | Routledge | ||||||
| ISSN: | 0707-5332 | ||||||
| Official Date: | 19 September 2017 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 39 | ||||||
| Number: | 1 | ||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 48-70 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.1080/07075332.2016.1230769 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 27 February 2017 | ||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 27 February 2017 | ||||||
| Funder: | Arts & Humanities Research Council (Great Britain) (AHRC) | ||||||
| Grant number: | Research Grant AH/H037934/1 | ||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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