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The sequence of a 1.8-mb bacterial linear plasmid reveals a rich evolutionary reservoir of secondary metabolic pathways
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Medema, Marnix H, Trefzer, Axel, Kovalchuk, Andriy, van den Berg, Marco, Müller, Ulrike, Heijne, Wilbert, Wu, Liang, Alam, Mohammad T., Ronning, Catherine M, Nierman, William C, Bovenberg, Roel A L, Breitling, Rainer and Takano, Eriko (2010) The sequence of a 1.8-mb bacterial linear plasmid reveals a rich evolutionary reservoir of secondary metabolic pathways. Genome Biology and Evolution, 2 . pp. 212-24. doi:doi: 10.1093/gbe/evq013 ISSN 1759-6653.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evq013
Abstract
Plasmids are mobile genetic elements that play a key role in the evolution of bacteria by mediating genome plasticity and lateral transfer of useful genetic information. Although originally considered to be exclusively circular, linear plasmids have also been identified in certain bacterial phyla, notably the actinomycetes. In some cases, linear plasmids engage with chromosomes in an intricate evolutionary interplay, facilitating the emergence of new genome configurations by transfer and recombination or plasmid integration. Genome sequencing of Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064, a Gram-positive soil bacterium known for its production of a diverse array of biotechnologically important secondary metabolites, revealed a giant linear plasmid of 1.8 Mb in length. This megaplasmid (pSCL4) is one of the largest plasmids ever identified and the largest linear plasmid to be sequenced. It contains more than 20% of the putative protein-coding genes of the species, but none of these is predicted to be essential for primary metabolism. Instead, the plasmid is densely packed with an exceptionally large number of gene clusters for the potential production of secondary metabolites, including a large number of putative antibiotics, such as staurosporine, moenomycin, beta-lactams, and enediynes. Interestingly, cross-regulation occurs between chromosomal and plasmid-encoded genes. Several factors suggest that the megaplasmid came into existence through recombination of a smaller plasmid with the arms of the main chromosome. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that heavy traffic of genetic information between Streptomyces plasmids and chromosomes may facilitate the rapid evolution of secondary metabolite repertoires in these bacteria.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Microbiology & Infection Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Plasmids, Actinobacteria , Bacteria -- Genetic aspects | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Genome Biology and Evolution | ||||||||
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 1759-6653 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | 12 July 2010 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 2 | ||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 212-24 | ||||||||
| DOI: | doi: 10.1093/gbe/evq013 | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 10 April 2018 | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 10 April 2018 | ||||||||
| Funder: | Technology Foundation (STW), Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research] (NWO), Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen [University of Groningen] | ||||||||
| Grant number: | STW 10463 (STW) | ||||||||
| Open Access Version: |
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