Awan, Sajjad Zahoor, Chandler, Jake Owen, Harrison, Peter J., Sergeant, Martin J., Bugg, Tim and Thompson, Andrew David (2017) Promotion of germination using hydroxamic acid inhibitors of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8 . 357. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00357

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Abstract

Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits seed germination and the regulation of ABA biosynthesis has a role in maintenance of seed dormancy. The key rate-limiting step in ABA biosynthesis is catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). Two hydroxamic acid inhibitors of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), D4 and D7, previously found to inhibit CCD and NCED in vitro, are shown to have the novel property of decreasing mean germination time of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seeds constitutively overexpressing LeNCED1. Post-germination, D4 exhibited no negative effects on tomato seedling growth in terms of height, dry weight, and fresh weight. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds containing a tetracycline-inducible LeNCED1 transgene were used to show that germination could be negatively and positively controlled through the chemical induction of gene expression and the chemical inhibition of the NCED protein: application of tetracycline increased mean germination time and delayed hypocotyl emergence in a similar manner to that observed when exogenous ABA was applied and this was reversed by D4 when NCED expression was induced at intermediate levels. D4 also improved germination in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds under thermoinhibitory temperatures and in tomato seeds imbibed in high osmolarity solutions of polyethylene glycol. D4 reduced ABA and dihydrophaseic acid accumulation in tomato seeds overexpressing LeNCED1 and reduced ABA accumulation in wild type tomato seeds imbibed on polyethylene glycol. The evidence supports a mode of action of D4 through NCED inhibition, and this molecule provides a lead compound for the design of NCED inhibitors with greater specificity and potency.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QK Botany
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Chemistry Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Abscisic acid, Dormancy, Germination , Seeds
Journal or Publication Title:	Frontiers in Plant Science
Publisher:	Frontiers Media S.A.
ISSN:	1664-462X
Official Date:	2017
Dates:	Date Event 2017 Published 20 March 2017 Available 1 March 2017 Accepted 6 December 2016 Submitted
Date of first compliant deposit:	20 March 2017
Volume:	8
Article Number:	357
DOI:	10.3389/fpls.2017.00357
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Funder:	Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Great Britain) (BBSRC), Syngenta Seeds Ltd.
Grant number:	B/D005787/1 (BBSRC)

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