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Rapid synthesis of well-defined polyacrylamide by aqueous Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
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Jones, Glen R., Li, Zaidong, Anastasaki, Athina, Lloyd, Danielle J., Wilson, Paul, Zhang, Qiang and Haddleton, David M. (2016) Rapid synthesis of well-defined polyacrylamide by aqueous Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. Macromolecules, 49 (2). pp. 483-489. doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01994 ISSN 0024-9297 .
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01994
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylamide (AM) has proved challenging, typically exhibiting low conversions and broad molecular weight distributions (MWDs). Herein, we report the synthesis of well-defined polyacrylamide (both homo and block copolymers) via aqueous copper(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Cu(0)-RDRP), exploiting the in situ disproportionation of Cu(I)Br in the presence of Me6Tren to yield insoluble Cu(0) and Cu(II)Br2 which acts as a deactivator. Careful optimization of the levels of Cu(I)Br and Me6TREN allowed for the synthesis of polyacrylamide of a range of molecular weights (DPn = 20–640) proceeding to quantitative conversion within just a few minutes (typically full conversion is attained within 15 min of reaction time) and exhibiting narrow MWDs (Đ as low as 1.09), which represents a significant improvement over transitional-metal-mediated approaches previously reported in the literature. This optimized approach was subsequently utilized to perform in situ chain extensions and block copolymerizations with hydroxyethyl acrylamide, yielding block copolymers of low dispersity and quantitative monomer conversions in a time frame of minutes.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry | ||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Polyacrylamide, Polymerization | ||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Macromolecules | ||||||
| Publisher: | American Chemical Society | ||||||
| ISSN: | 0024-9297 | ||||||
| Official Date: | 26 January 2016 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 49 | ||||||
| Number: | 2 | ||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 483-489 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01994 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 5 April 2017 | ||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 10 April 2017 | ||||||
| Funder: | University of Warwick, Lubrizol Ltd., Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik (BASF), Royal Society (Great Britain). Wolfson Research Merit Award (RSWRMA) |
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