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Recombination via transition metals in solar silicon : the significance of hydrogen-metal reactions and lattice sites of metal atoms
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Mullins, J., Leonard, S., Markevich, V. P., Hawkins, I. D., Santos, P., Coutinho, J., Marinopoulos, A., Murphy, John D., Halsall, M. P. and Peaker, A. R. (2017) Recombination via transition metals in solar silicon : the significance of hydrogen-metal reactions and lattice sites of metal atoms. Physica Status Solidi A, 214 (7). 1700304. doi:10.1002/pssa.201700304
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Official URL: http://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201700304
Abstract
The move towards lower cost sources of solar silicon has intensified efforts to investigate the possibilities of passivating or reducing the recombination activity caused by deep states associated with transition metals. This is particularly important for the case of the slow diffusing metals early in the periodic sequence which are not removed by conventional gettering. In this paper we examine reactions between hydrogen and transition metals and discuss the possibility of such reactions during cell processing. We analyse the case of hydrogenation of iron in p-type Si and show that FeH can form under non-equilibrium conditions. We consider the electrical activity of the slow diffusing metals Ti, V and Mo, how this is affected in the presence of hydrogen, and the stability of TM-H complexes formed. Finally we discuss recent experiments which indicate that resiting of some transition metals from the interstitial to substitutional site is possible in the presence of excess vacancies, leading to a reduction in recombination activity.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||
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| Alternative Title: | |||||||||||
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry | ||||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Engineering | ||||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Silicones, Transition metals | ||||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Physica Status Solidi A | ||||||||||
| Publisher: | Wiley-VCH Verlag GMBH | ||||||||||
| ISSN: | 1862-6300 | ||||||||||
| Official Date: | 6 July 2017 | ||||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Date of first compliant deposit: | 13 June 2017 | ||||||||||
| Volume: | 214 | ||||||||||
| Number: | 7 | ||||||||||
| Article Number: | 1700304 | ||||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1002/pssa.201700304 | ||||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access | ||||||||||
| Funder: | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Horizon 2020 (European Commission) (H2020) | ||||||||||
| Grant number: | EP/M024911/1 (EPSRC), PTDC/CTM-ENE/1973/2012, UID/CTM/50025/2013 (FCT) |
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