Puxty, Richard John, Evans, David J., Millard, Andrew D. and Scanlan, David J. (2018) Energy limitation of cyanophage development : implications for marine carbon cycling. ISME Journal, 12 . 1273-1286 . doi:10.1038/s41396-017-0043-3 ISSN 1751-7362.

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Abstract

Marine cyanobacteria are responsible for ~25% of the fixed carbon that enters the ocean biosphere. It is thought that abundant co-occurring viruses play an important role in regulating population dynamics of cyanobacteria and thus the cycling of carbon in the oceans. Despite this, little is known about how viral infections ‘play-out’ in the environment, particularly whether infections are resource or energy limited. Photoautotrophic organisms represent an ideal model to test this since available energy is modulated by the incoming light intensity through photophosphorylation. Therefore, we exploited phototrophy of the environmentally relevant marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus and monitored growth of a cyanobacterial virus (cyanophage). We found that light intensity has a marked effect on cyanophage infection dynamics, but that this is not manifest by a change in DNA synthesis. Instead, cyanophage development appears energy limited for the synthesis of proteins required during late infection. We posit that acquisition of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) involved in light-dependent photosynthetic reactions acts to overcome this limitation. We show that cyanophages actively modulate expression of these AMGs in response to light intensity and provide evidence that such regulation may be facilitated by a novel mechanism involving light-dependent splicing of a group I intron in a photosynthetic AMG. Altogether, our data offers a mechanistic link between diurnal changes in irradiance and observed community level responses in metabolism, i.e., through an irradiance-dependent, viral-induced release of dissolved organic matter (DOM).

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Cyanobacteria, Seawater -- Carbon dioxide content
Journal or Publication Title:	ISME Journal
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	1751-7362
Official Date:	29 January 2018
Dates:	Date Event 29 January 2018 Available 9 December 2017 Accepted
Volume:	12
Page Range:	1273-1286
DOI:	10.1038/s41396-017-0043-3
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	17 January 2018
Date of first compliant Open Access:	8 May 2018
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID PhD studentship Natural Environment Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270 IAS Fellowship University of Warwick http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000741 NE/N003241/1 Natural Environment Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270 RPG-2014-354 Leverhulme Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275

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