Al-Musharaf, Sara, Fouda, Mona A., Turkestani, Iqbal Z., Al-Ajlan, Abdulrahman, Sabico, Shaun, Alnaami, Abdullah M., Wani, Kaiser, Hussain, Syed Danish, Alraqebah, Buthaynah, Al-Serehi, Amal, Alshingetti, Naemah M., Al-Daghri, Nasser, McTernan, Philip G, Wimalawansa, Sunil J. and Saravanan, Ponnusamy (2018) Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and predictors in early pregnancy among Arab women. Nutrients, 10 (4). 489. doi:10.3390/nu10040489 ISSN 2072-6643.
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Abstract
Data regarding the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency during early pregnancy are limited. This study aims to fill this gap. A total of 578 Saudi women in their 1st trimester of pregnancy were recruited between January 2014 and December 2015 from three tertiary care antenatal clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Information collected includes socio-economic, anthropometric, and biochemical data, including serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, intake of calcium and vitamin D, physical activity, and sun exposure indices. Pregnant women with 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L were considered vitamin D deficient. The majority of participants (n = 468 (81%)) were vitamin D deficient. High levels of indoor activity, whole body clothing, multiparity, total cholesterol/HDL ratio(>3.5), low HDL-cholesterol, and living in West Riyadh were significant independent predictors for vitamin D deficiency, with odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval) of 25.4 (5.5–117.3), 17.8 (2.3–138.5), 4.0 (1.7–9.5), 3.3 (1.4–7.9), 2.8 (1.2–6.4), and 2.0 (1.1–3.5), respectively. Factors like increased physical activity, sun exposure at noon, sunrise or sunset, high educational status, and residence in North Riyadh were protective against vitamin D deficiency with ORs 0.2 (0.1–0.5); 0.2 (0.1–0.6); 0.3 (0.1–0.9); and 0.4 (0.2–0.8), respectively. All ORs were adjusted for age, BMI, sun exposure, parity, summer season, vitamin D intake, multivitamin intake, physical activity, education, employment, living in the north, and coverage with clothing. In conclusion, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Saudi women during early pregnancy was high (81%). Timely detection and appropriate supplementation with adequate amounts of vitamin D should reduce the risks of vitamin D deficiency and its complications during pregnancy.
| Item Type: | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QP Physiology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
| SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router |
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Vitamin D deficiency -- Women -- Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Exercise -- Health aspects, Clothing and dress -- Health aspects |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Nutrients |
| Publisher: | M D P I A G |
| ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
| Official Date: | 15 April 2018 |
| Dates: | Date Event 15 April 2018 Published 12 April 2018 Accepted |
| Volume: | 10 |
| Number: | 4 |
| Number of Pages: | 12 |
| Article Number: | 489 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nu10040489 |
| Status: | Peer Reviewed |
| Publication Status: | Published |
| Re-use Statement: | ** From Crossref via Jisc Publications Router. |
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons open licence) |
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 9 May 2018 |
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 9 May 2018 |
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: | Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID 11-MED2116-02 National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation |
| URI: | https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101333/ |
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