Spence, Eleanor L., Chandler, Dave, Edgington, Steve, Berry, Shaun D., Martin, Gareth, O'Sullivan, Christine, Svendsen, Claus and Hesketh, Helen (2020) A standardised bioassay method using a bench‐top spray tower to evaluate entomopathogenic fungi for control of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Pest Management Science , 76 (7). pp. 2513-2524. doi:10.1002/ps.5794 ISSN 1526-498X.
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Abstract
Bioassays evaluating entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) isolates for effective microbial control of whitefly are a fundamental part of the screening process for bioprotectants, but development of repeatable, robust bioassays is not straightforward. Currently, there is no readily available standardised method to test the efficacy of EPF on whitefly.
Here, we describe the calibration and use of a spray tower to deliver a standardised protocol to assess EPF activity; the method was validated using 18 EPF from four genera in tests against greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood).
RESULTS
At 138 kPa, the sprayer delivered 0.062 mL mm−2 (620 L ha−1) and an even deposition of spray across the central 1590 mm2 of the spray area.
Average conidial deposition for all EPF was 252 conidia mm−2 and equivalent to 2.5 × 1012 conidia ha−1 at an application concentration of 1 × 107 conidia mL−1. Conidial deposition of a test Beauveria bassiana suspension increased with increasing application concentration.
Egg laying by T. vaporariorum adults was restricted to 177 mm2 using clip cages specifically designed to ensure that third‐instar T. vaporariorum received a uniform spray coverage. Nymphs occupied 373 ± 5 mm2 of the leaf after migrating during the first instar.
Average T. vaporariorum mortality totaled 8–89% 14 days after application of 1 × 107 conidia mL−1 of each EPF isolate.
CONCLUSION
Combining the calibrated sprayer and bioassay method provides a reliable, standardised approach to test the virulence of EPF against whitefly nymphs. This laboratory‐based assay is affordable, replicable and allows the user to alter the dose of conidia applied to the target.
| Item Type: | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QH Natural history S Agriculture > SB Plant culture |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) |
| SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router |
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Entomopathogenic fungi , Biological assay, Natural pesticides, Greenhouse whitefly , Greenhouse whitefly -- Control, Pests -- Control |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Pest Management Science |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| ISSN: | 1526-498X |
| Official Date: | July 2020 |
| Dates: | Date Event July 2020 Published 20 February 2020 Available 20 February 2020 Accepted |
| Volume: | 76 |
| Number: | 7 |
| Page Range: | pp. 2513-2524 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ps.5794 |
| Status: | Peer Reviewed |
| Publication Status: | Published |
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons open licence) |
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 3 April 2020 |
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 3 April 2020 |
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: | Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID UNSPECIFIED CAB International UNSPECIFIED |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/134649/ |
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