1. Ellaway RH, Poulton T, Smothers V, Greene P: Virtual patients come of age.
Med Teach 2009, 31(8):683–684.
2. Cook DA, Triola MM: Virtual patients: a critical literature review and
proposed next steps. Medical Education 2009, 43(4):303–311.
3. Cook DA, Erwin PJ, Triola MM: Computerized virtual patients in health
professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Med
2010, 85(10):1589–1602.
4. Huang G, Reynolds R, Candler C: Virtual patient simulation at US and
Canadian medical schools. Acad Med 2007, 82(5):446–451.
5. Cook DA, Levinson AJ, Garside S, Dupras DM, Erwin PJ, Montori VM:
Internet-based learning in the health professions: a meta-analysis. Jama
2008, 300(10):1181–1196.
6. Ruderich F, Bauch M, Haag M, Heid J, Leven FJ, Singer R, Geiss HK, Junger J,
Tonshoff B: CAMPUS–a flexible, interactive system for web-based,
problem-based learning in health care. Studies in health technology and
informatics 2004, 107(Pt 2):921–925.
7. Begg M: Virtual patients: practical advice for clinical authors using
Labyrinth. Clin Teach 2010, 7(3):202–205.
8. Zary N, Johnson G, Boberg J, Fors UG: Development, implementation and
pilot evaluation of a Web-based Virtual Patient Case Simulation
environment–Web-SP. BMC medical education 2006, 6:10.
9. McGee JB, Neill J, Goldman L, Casey E: Using multimedia virtual patients
to enhance the clinical curriculum for medical students. Studies in health
technology and informatics 1998, 52(Pt 2):732–735.
10. Wilson AS, Goodall JE, Ambrosini G, Carruthers DM, Chan H, Ong SG,
Gordon C, Young SP: Development of an interactive learning tool for
teaching rheumatology–a simulated clinical case studies program.
Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006, 45(9):1158–1161.
11. Friedman CP, France CL, Drossman DD: A randomized comparison of
alternative formats for clinical simulations. Med Decis Making 1991, 11
(4):265–272.
12. MedBiquitous Virtual Patient Player Specifications and Description Document
V.1.0: http://www.medbiq.org/working_groups/virtual_patient/
VirtualPatientPlayerSpecification.pdf.
13. Ellaway R, Poulton T, Fors U, McGee JB, Albright S: Building a virtual
patient commons. Med Teach 2008, 30(2):170–174.
14. Ellaway RH, Davies D: Design for learning: deconstructing virtual patient
activities. Med Teach 2011, 33(4):303–310.
15. Smothers V, Ellaway R, Balasubramaniam C: eViP: sharing virtual patients
across Europe. AMIA Annual Symposium proceedings / AMIA Symposium
AMIA Symposium 2008, 1140.
16. Bateman J, Davies D: Virtual patients: are we in a new era? Acad Med
2011, 86(2):151. author reply 151.
17. Triola MM, Campion N, McGee JB, Albright S, Greene P, Smothers V, Ellaway
R: An XML standard for virtual patients: exchanging case-based
simulations in medical education. AMIA Annual Symposium proceedings /
AMIA Symposium AMIA Symposium 2007, 2007:741–745.
18. Huwendiek S, De leng BA, Zary N, Fischer MR, Ruiz JG, Ellaway R: Towards a
typology of virtual patients. Med Teach 2009, 31(8):743–748.
19. Bateman J, Davies D, Allen M: Mind wandering has an impact in
electronic teaching cases. Medical Education 2012, 46(2):235.
20. Wolpaw T, Papp KK, Bordage G: Using SNAPPS to facilitate the expression
of clinical reasoning and uncertainties: a randomized comparison group
trial. Acad Med 2009, 84(4):517–524.
21. Sedlmeier P, Gigerenzer G: Teaching Bayesian reasoning in less than two
hours. J Exp Psychol Gen 2001, 130(3):380–400.
22. Page G, Bordage G, Allen T: Developing key-feature problems and
examinations to assess clinical decision-making skills. Acad Med 1995, 70
(3):194–201.
23. Bordage G, Brailovsky C, Carretier H, Page G: Content validation of key
features on a national examination of clinical decision-making skills.
Acad Med 1995, 70(4):276–281.
24. Bordage G, Grant J, Marsden P: Quantitative assessment of diagnostic
ability. Medical Education 1990, 24(5):413–425.
25. Round AP: Teaching clinical reasoning–a preliminary controlled study.
Medical Education 1999, 33(7):480–483.
26. Sumner W 2ND, Hagen MD: Value of information in virtual patient
performance evaluations. AMIA Annual Symposium proceedings / AMIA
Symposium AMIA Symposium 2008, 1149.
27. Badcock LJ, Raj N, Gadsby K, Deighton CM: Meeting the needs of
increasing numbers of medical students–a best practise approach.
Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006, 45(7):799–803.
28. Adebajo A, Windsor K, Hassell A, Dacre J: Undergraduate education in
rheumatology. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005, 44(9):1202–1203.
author reply 1203.
29. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/-secorigin-
goals.
30. Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG: The CONSORT statement: revised
recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group
randomized trials. BMC Med Res Methodol 2001, 1:2.
31. Norman GR, Eva KW: Diagnostic error and clinical reasoning. Medical
Education 2010, 44(1):94–100.
32. Fischer MR, Kopp V, Holzer M, Ruderich F, Junger J: A modified electronic
key feature examination for undergraduate medical students: validation
threats and opportunities. Med Teach 2005, 27(5):450–455.
33. Montgomery AA, Peters TJ, Little P: Design, analysis and presentation of
factorial randomised controlled trials. BMC Med Res Methodol 2003, 3:26.
34. Berman N, Fall LH, Smith S, Levine DA, Maloney CG, Potts M, Siegel B,
Foster-Johnson L: Integration strategies for using virtual patients in
clinical clerkships. Acad Med 2009, 84(7):942–949.
35. Botezatu M, Hult H, Fors UG: Virtual patient simulation: what do students
make of it? A focus group study. BMC medical education 2010, 10:91.
36. Zary N, Johnson G, Fors U: Web-based virtual patients in dentistry: factors
influencing the use of cases in the Web-SP system. Eur J Dent Educ 2009,
13(1):2–9.
37. Wilbanks J: Another reason for opening access to research. Bmj 2006, 333
(7582):1306–1308.