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Designing an adaptive interface : using eye tracking to classify how information usage changes over time in partially automated vehicles
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Ulahannan, Arun, Jennings, Paul. A., Oliveira, Luis and Birrell, Stewart A. (2020) Designing an adaptive interface : using eye tracking to classify how information usage changes over time in partially automated vehicles. IEEE Access, 8 . pp. 16865-16875. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2966928 ISSN 2169-3536.
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WRAP-designing-adaptive-eye-tracking-time-vehicles-Ulahannan-2020.pdf - Accepted Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Download (1203Kb) | Preview |
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2966928
Abstract
While partially automated vehicles can provide a range of benefits, they also bring about new Human Machine Interface (HMI) challenges around ensuring the driver remains alert and is able to take control of the vehicle when required. While humans are poor monitors of automated processes, specifically during ‘steady state’ operation, presenting the appropriate information to the driver can help. But to date, interfaces of partially automated vehicles have shown evidence of causing cognitive overload. Adaptive HMIs that automatically change the information presented (for example, based on workload, time or physiologically), have been previously proposed as a solution, but little is known about how information should adapt during steady-state driving. This study aimed to classify information usage based on driver experience to inform the design of a future adaptive HMI in partially automated vehicles. The unique feature of this study over existing literature is that each participant attended for five consecutive days; enabling a first look at how information usage changes with increasing familiarity and providing a methodological contribution to future HMI user trial study design. Seventeen participants experienced a steady-state automated driving simulation for twenty-six minutes per day in a driving simulator, replicating a regularly driven route, such as a work commute. Nine information icons, representative of future partially automated vehicle HMIs, were displayed on a tablet and eye tracking was used to record the information that the participants fixated on. The results found that information usage did change with increased exposure, with significant differences in what information participants looked at between the first and last trial days. With increasing experience, participants tended to view information as confirming technical competence rather than the future state of the vehicle. On this basis, interface design recommendations are made, particularly arou...
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Electronic computers. Computer science. Computer software Q Science > QP Physiology T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Intelligent transportation systems, Automated vehicles, Human-machine systems, User interfaces (Computer systems) , Human-computer interaction, Eye tracking | ||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | IEEE Access | ||||||
| Publisher: | IEEE | ||||||
| ISSN: | 2169-3536 | ||||||
| Official Date: | 15 January 2020 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 8 | ||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 16865-16875 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2966928 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | © 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 13 February 2020 | ||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 13 February 2020 |
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