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Emotion, motivation, decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala
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Rolls, Edmund T. (2023) Emotion, motivation, decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala. Brain Structure and Function, 228 (5). pp. 1201-1257. doi:10.1007/s00429-023-02644-9 ISSN 1863-2661.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-023-02644-9
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion and in motivation, but the relationship between these functions performed by these brain structures is not clear. To address this, a unified theory of emotion and motivation is described in which motivational states are states in which instrumental goal-directed actions are performed to obtain rewards or avoid punishers, and emotional states are states that are elicited when the reward or punisher is or is not received. This greatly simplifies our understanding of emotion and motivation, for the same set of genes and associated brain systems can define the primary or unlearned rewards and punishers such as sweet taste or pain. Recent evidence on the connectivity of human brain systems involved in emotion and motivation indicates that the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in reward value and experienced emotion with outputs to cortical regions including those involved in language, and is a key brain region involved in depression and the associated changes in motivation. The amygdala has weak effective connectivity back to the cortex in humans, and is implicated in brainstem-mediated responses to stimuli such as freezing and autonomic activity, rather than in declarative emotion. The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in learning actions to obtain rewards, and with the orbitofrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in providing the goals for navigation and in reward-related effects on memory consolidation mediated partly via the cholinergic system.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QP Physiology | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Computer Science | ||||||||
SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | ||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Affective neuroscience, Emotions, Frontal lobes, Frontal lobes -- Physiology, Amygdaloid body | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Brain Structure and Function | ||||||||
Publisher: | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | ||||||||
ISSN: | 1863-2661 | ||||||||
Official Date: | June 2023 | ||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 228 | ||||||||
Number: | 5 | ||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1201-1257 | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.1007/s00429-023-02644-9 | ||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 13 June 2023 | ||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 13 June 2023 | ||||||||
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