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Prevalence of non-stationarity in quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) associated with M- and X- class solar flares
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Mehta, Tishtrya, Broomhall, A-M. and Hayes, L. A. (2023) Prevalence of non-stationarity in quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) associated with M- and X- class solar flares. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 523 (3). pp. 3689-3698. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1619 ISSN 1365-2966.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1619
Abstract
Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) are frequently observed in solar and stellar flare emission, with recent studies suggesting that an increasing instantaneous period is a common characteristic of QPPs. Determining the prevalence of non-stationarity in QPPs contributes to a better understanding of which mechanism(s) is (are) responsible in QPP generation. We obtain the rate of period evolution from QPPs in 98 M- and X- class flares from Solar Cycle 24 with average periods between 8-130 s and investigate the prevalence of QPP non-stationarity. We also investigate whether the presence of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) impacts the period evolution of QPPs. We analyse soft X-ray lightcurves obtained from GOES- X-Ray Sensor (XRS) and assess the dominant periods in the impulsive and decay phases of the flares using the Fast Fourier Transform. We relate the rate of period evolution to flare duration, peak flare energy, and average QPP period. We find evidence of non-stationarity in 81% of the flares assessed, with most QPPs exhibiting a period evolution of ≤10 s between the impulsive and decay phases, of which 66% exhibited an apparent period growth and 14% showed an apparent period shrinkage. We find a positive correlation between the absolute magnitude of period evolution and the duration of the flare and no correlation between the period evolution of the QPPs and flare energy or CME presence. Furthermore, we conclude that non-stationarity is common in solar QPPs and must be accounted for in flare analysis.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QB Astronomy | ||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics | ||||||||||||
SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | ||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Solar flares, M stars, Coronal mass ejections, Sun -- Corona, Solar oscillations, Solar x-rays | ||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | ||||||||||||
Publisher: | Oxford University Press (OUP) | ||||||||||||
ISSN: | 1365-2966 | ||||||||||||
Official Date: | August 2023 | ||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 523 | ||||||||||||
Number: | 3 | ||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 3689-3698 | ||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1093/mnras/stad1619 | ||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 21 July 2023 | ||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 21 July 2023 | ||||||||||||
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