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Premature birth and circadian preference in young adulthood : evidence from two birth cohorts

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Björkqvist, Johan, Pesonen, Anu-Katriina, Kuula, Liisa, Matinolli, Hanna-Maria, Lano, Aulikki, Sipola-Leppänen, Marika, Tikanmäki, Marjaana, Wolke, Dieter, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Eriksson, Johan G, Andersson, Sture, Vääräsmäki, Marja, Heinonen, Kati, Räikkönen, Katri, Hovi, Petteri and Kajantie, Eero (2018) Premature birth and circadian preference in young adulthood : evidence from two birth cohorts. Chronobiology International, 35 (4). pp. 555-564. doi:10.1080/07420528.2017.1420078 ISSN 0742-0528.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2017.1420078

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Abstract

A preference for eveningness (being a "night owl") and preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) are associated with similar adversities, such as elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose regulation, poorer physical fitness, and lower mood. Yet, it remains unclear if and how preterm birth is associated with circadian preference. The aim of this study was to assess this association across the whole gestation range, using both objective and subjective measurements of circadian preference. Circadian preference was measured among 594 young adults (mean age 24.3 years, SD 1.3) from two cohorts: the ESTER study and the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study. We compared 83 participants born early preterm (<34 weeks) and 165 late preterm (34 to <37 weeks) with those born at term (≥37 weeks, n = 346). We also compared very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) participants with term-born controls. We obtained objective sleep data with actigraphs that were worn for a mean period of 6.8 (SD 1.4) nights. Our primary outcome was sleep midpoint during weekdays and weekend. The sleep midpoint is the half-way time between falling asleep and waking up, and it represents sleep timing. We also investigated subjective chronotype with the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) in 688 (n = 138/221/329) ESTER participants. The MEQ consists of 19 questions, which estimates the respondent to be of a "morning", "evening," or "intermediate" chronotype, based on the Morningness-Eveningness Score (MES). We analyzed the data from the actigraphs and the MES with three linear regression models, and analyzed distribution of the chronotype class with Pearson χ2. There were no consistent differences across the study groups in sleep midpoint. As compared with those born at term, the mean differences in minutes:seconds and 95% confidence intervals for the sleep midpoint were: early preterm weekdays 11:47 (-8:34 to 32:08), early preterm weekend 4:14 (-19:45 to 28:13), late preterm weekdays -10:28 (-26:16 to 5:21), and late preterm weekend -1:29 (-20:36 to 17:37). There was no difference in sleep timing between VLBW-participants and controls either. The distribution of chronotype in the MEQ among all participants was 12.4% morningness, 65.4% intermediate, and 22.2% eveningness. The distribution of the subjective chronotype class did not differ between the three gestational age groups (p = 0.98). The linear regression models did not show any influence of gestational age group or VLBW status on the MES (all p > 0.5). We found no consistent differences between adults born early or late preterm and those born at term in circadian preference. The earlier circadian preference previously observed in those born smallest is unlikely to extend across the whole range of preterm birth.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QP Physiology
R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Premature infants, Prematurely born children, Night people, Circadian rhythms
Journal or Publication Title: Chronobiology International
Publisher: Informa Healthcare
ISSN: 0742-0528
Official Date: 30 January 2018
Dates:
DateEvent
30 January 2018Available
18 December 2017Accepted
5 September 2017Submitted
Volume: 35
Number: 4
Number of Pages: 10
Page Range: pp. 555-564
DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1420078
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Date of first compliant deposit: 12 February 2018
Date of first compliant Open Access: 30 January 2019
Funder: govern
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
SALVE program for 2009–2012Academy of Finlandhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
127437Academy of Finlandhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
129306 Academy of Finlandhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
130326Academy of Finlandhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
134791Academy of Finlandhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
263924Academy of Finlandhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
274794 Academy of Finlandhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
285547Academy of Finlandhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
Doctoral Programme in Clinical ResearchHelsingin Yliopistohttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007797
Doctoral Programme in Psychology, Learning, and CommunicationHelsingin Yliopistohttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007797
Doctoral programme for Public HealthTampereen Yliopistohttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004371
UNSPECIFIEDEmil Aaltosen Säätiöhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004756
QLG1-CT-2000-001643Fifth Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011104
PHC-2014, 633595 H2020 European Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
SC1-2016-2017 H2020 European Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
SC1-2016-RTD-733180 H2020 European Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
UNSPECIFIEDLastentautien Tutkimussäätiöhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005744
UNSPECIFIEDFinland. GovernmentUNSPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIEDSuomalainen Lääkäriseura Duodecimhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008403
UNSPECIFIEDFinska Läkaresällskapethttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010135
UNSPECIFIEDJalmari ja Rauha Ahokkaan Säätiöhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010125
UNSPECIFIEDJuho Vainion Säätiöhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004037
UNSPECIFIEDFinland. The National Graduate School of Clinical InvestigationUNSPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIEDNovo Nordisk UK Research Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000329
UNSPECIFIEDSigne ja Ane Gyllenbergin Säätiöhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004325
UNSPECIFIEDSigrid Juséliuksen Säätiöhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006306
UNSPECIFIEDYrjö Jahnssonin Säätiöhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010114
PKE 4 Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937
JUG 14Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937
0706224Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937
0706564Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937
01EP9504Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937
UNSPECIFIEDSamfundet Folkhälsanhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004810
UNSPECIFIEDPäivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin Säätiöhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004212

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